10F-5 Integrated Ultrasonic Transducers above 500°C
Bibliographic record
Abstract
New piezoelectric composite materials, manganese doped sodium bismuth titanate (NBT+Mn)/lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and lithium niobate (LN)/PZT have been developed for ultrasonic transducer trials at operation temperature more than 500degC. Three kinds of piezoelectric powders, bismuth titanate (BIT), NBT+Mn, and LN, were dispersed into PZT sol-gel, and ~60 mum thick BIT/PZT, NBT+Mn/PZT, and LN/PZT films were deposited onto 26 mm thick titanium (Ti) substrates by sol-gel spray technique, respectively. Reflection echoes from Ti substrates were observed for each sample at various temperatures, from room temperature to above 500degC, and the signal amplitude change was monitored. LN/PZT films demonstrated the highest temperature stability among three materials. Using LN/PZT, broadband ultrasonic signals centered at 5.0 MHz with 25 dB signal to noise ratio were recorded at 700degC without depoling.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.015 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".