Comparison of Hydrodenitrogenation of Basic and Nonbasic Nitrogen Compounds Present in Oil Sands Derived Heavy Gas Oil
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The hydrodenitrogenation of oil sands-derived heavy gas oil has been conducted in a trickle bed reactor over a commercial Ni−Mo/Al 2 O 3 catalyst in the temperature range of 365−415 °C, pressure in the range of 65−88 bar, liquid hourly space velocity in the range of 0.5−2 h - 1 . The hydrogen/heavy gas oil ratio has been changed from 400 to 1000 mL/mL. The study was conducted to determine the effects of these variables on the relative rates of conversion of total, basic, and nonbasic nitrogen compounds. It was observed that rate of conversion of nonbasic nitrogen compounds was lower than that of basic nitrogen compounds under identical process conditions. The pressure and hydrogen/heavy gas oil ratio have a more significant effect on the conversion of nonbasic nitrogen compound as compared to their effect on the conversion of basic nitrogen compounds. The effect of excess hydrogen sulfide on the conversion of basic and nonbasic nitrogen compounds has also been studied by adding butanethiol in the feed gas oil. An increase in the quantity of butanethiol decreases the conversion of both basic and nonbasic nitrogen compounds. It was also observed that in the region of higher space time (about 1.5−2 h), the conversion of nonbasic nitrogen compound increased at a sharp rate as compared to that of basic nitrogen compounds. This may be possibly due to the generation of more basic nitrogen compounds from the nonbasic ones. The kinetics of the conversion of nitrogen compounds has also been studied in the present work.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".