Expression of Neuropeptide Y Family Peptides in the Brain and Gut during Stages of the Life Cycle of a Parasitic Lamprey (<i>Petromyzon marinus</i>) and a Nonparasitic Lamprey (<i>Ichthyomyzon gagei</i>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The long-term objective of our research is to show that internal factors may be key to triggering metamorphosis and directing the life history types in lampreys (parasitism versus nonparasitism). Since neuropeptide Y family peptides are key players in the endocrine-mediated feeding and reproductive events in mammals, a role for these peptides in the control of feeding behavior and development can be predicted for lampreys. We have investigated the expression pattern of these peptides in the brain and in the gut during different stages of the life cycle of the parasitic lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, and the nonparasitic lamprey, Ichthyomyzon gagei. We provide a description of the cloning and sequencing of P. marinus and I. gagei cDNA for neuropeptide Y (NPY), peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY), and peptide methionine-tyrosine (PMY). Using sequence-specific primers, the mRNA expression patterns for these peptides in brain and gut of larval (ammocoete) and adult (juvenile, prespawning) lampreys were examined by semiquantitative RT-PCR. The observations extend a potential role of neuropeptide Y family peptides in the modulation of feeding behavior and reproductive maturity in lampreys.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".