Morphology and anatomy of extrafloral nectaries in <i>Solanum stramonifolium</i> (Solanaceae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Solanum stramonifolium Dunal. (Solanaceae) is a pioneer species very common in the Atlantic forest of northeast Brazil. The plants bear extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) that are frequently visited by ants. Ant exclusion experiments show reduced seed set in plants without ants. This paper describes the morphology and anatomy of the nectary of S. stramonifolium. This species bears structural EFNs, vascularized by both phloem and xylem. The nectary is located around the lower, external surface of the calyx, as a ring of five protuberances. Secretory cells are present only below these protuberances and arranged in several strata. The nectar is secreted by stomata situated on projections above the surface of these protuberances. Nectar secretion begins at the floral bud stage and continues through fruit development. We suggest that production of nectar during the entire reproductive period of S. stramonifolium functions as a mechanism of flower and seed protection.Key words: Solanaceae, Solanum stramonifolium, extrafloral nectaries, ants, plant-ant interactions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".