Epoxy + montmorillonite nanocomposite: Effect of composition on reaction kinetics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The objective of this investigation is to determine the effects of montmorillonite layered silicates on the curing kinetics of an epoxy resin. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to probe the changes in reactivity due to the presence of montmorillonite and due to the diamine hardener. The enthalpy of polymerization was strongly affected at compositions greater than 5% (wt) montmorillonite for epoxy + montmorillonite reactions. On introduction of the hardener, epoxy + amine kinetics dominate the reaction for all compositions except for a montmorillonite concentration of 2.5 wt%. X‐ray diffraction was used to determine if the reacted system was exfoliated. The results show a strong montmorillonite composition dependence on the exfoliated state. Transmission electron microscopy of the cured epoxies confirmed a mixed intercalated and exfoliated dispersion at compositions having montmorillonite greater than 2.5 wt%.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".