Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals Induced by Atropisomeric Biphenyl Dopants: Correlation between the Sign of Induced Polarization and the Absolute Configuration
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A new synthetic route to a known series of five chiral dopants with atropisomeric biphenyl cores was developed which enabled the assignment of their absolute configurations. These compounds can be doped in achiral SmC liquid crystal hosts to give ferroelectric SmC* liquid crystals with a spontaneous polarization P S that scales with the dopant concentration. One of these dopants, ( R )-2,2‘,6,6‘-tetramethyl-3,3‘-dinitro-4,4‘-bis[(4-nonyloxybenzoyl)oxy]biphenyl (( R )- 1 ), exhibits one of the highest polarization powers ever reported. The atropisomeric cores were obtained in optically pure form via the resolution of bis-(1 S )-10-camphorsulfonamido diastereomers, which were then hydrolyzed to the corresponding diaminobiphenyl enantiomers (X = NH 2 ), and converted to the substituted biphenyl cores (X = NO 2, F, Cl, Br, Me) using standard functional group interconversion methods. The absolute configurations of the five chiral dopants were assigned based on the X-ray crystallographic analysis of the diastereomer ( R )-3,3‘-bis[(1 S )-10-camphorsulfonamido]-2,2‘,6,6‘-tetramethyl-4,4‘-dimethoxybiphenyl, and correlated to the sign of spontaneous polarization each dopant induces in the achiral SmC host 2-(4-butyloxyphenyl)-5-octyloxypyrimidine ( PhP1 ).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".