Double Exposure: Photography and the Great War Paintings of Frank Johnston, Arthur Lismer, and Frederick Varley
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pendant la Première Guerre mondiale, trois artistes membres du futur Groupe des Sept – Frank Johnston (1888–1949), Frederick Varley (1881–1969) et Arthur Lismer (1885–1969) – ont utilisé le médium photographique pour créer des oeuvres dédiées au thème de la guerre. Johnston et Lismer n’ont jamais reconnu avoir utilisé la photographie dans leurs peintures de guerre, mais ont gardé certaines de leurs images sources dans leurs archives personnelles. Varley n’a conservé aucune photo de guerre et a rarement discuté publiquement de son usage de la photographie. De surcroît, ses biographes ont plutôt eu tendance à minimiser cet aspect de son travail et à hiérarchiser la peinture par rapport à la photographie. Le modèle se répète : après l’établissement du Fonds de souvenirs de guerre canadiens en décembre 1916, la photographie, malgré sa popularité, a été reléguée à un rôle secondaire de commercialisation visant à générer des revenus pour des commandes et des achats d’autres oeuvres d’art.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".