A Narrow-Passband and Frequency-Tunable Microwave Photonic Filter Based on Phase-Modulation to Intensity-Modulation Conversion Using a Phase-Shifted Fiber Bragg Grating
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A novel approach to implementing a narrow-passband and frequency-tunable microwave photonic filter (MPF) based on phase-modulation to intensity-modulation conversion in a phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating (PS-FBG) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. In the proposed MPF, a phase-modulated signal is sent to a PS-FBG. If one of the sidebands falls in the notch of the PS-FBG, the phase-modulated signal is converted to an intensity-modulated signal. Due to the ultra-narrow notch of the PS-FBG, a microwave filter with an ultra-narrow passband is realized. The tunability of the microwave filter is achieved by tuning the wavelength of the optical carrier. A theoretical analysis is performed in which the value of the phase shift and the location of the phase shift in the PS-FBG on the frequency response of the MPF are studied. Two PS-FBGs with different reflection bandwidths and different phase-shift values introduced at the center of the gratings are fabricated and incorporated into the proposed MPF. For the two PS-FBGs, the 3-dB bandwidths are 120 and 60 MHz and the tunable ranges are 5.5 and 15 GHz.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".