Mx2 expression is associated with reduced susceptibility to HIV infection in highly exposed HIV seronegative Kenyan sex workers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Recent studies have identified Mx2 as a novel HIV-1 innate restriction factor that inhibits proviral integration. A pilot proteomic study of immune cells from highly exposed HIV-seronegative (HESN) individuals enrolled in the Pumwani sex worker cohort identified Mx1 as potential correlate of HIV protection. A detailed population level analysis of Mx1 and Mx2 expression and their role in reduced susceptibility to HIV infection in HESN women was conducted. METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from 102 HESN women and 100 high-risk negative controls enrolled in a Nairobi-based sex worker cohort. Whole-cell lysates were prepared and analyzed for Mx1 and Mx2 expression by commercial ELISA. Bivariate and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to account for confounding epidemiological factors. RESULTS: Mx2, but not Mx1, was found to be significantly overexpressed in HESN women compared with high-risk negative controls (P = 0.027). After multiple linear regression analysis, accounting for age, menopause, pregnancy, Depo-Provera use, recent infections and medication usage, Mx2 expression remained significantly overexpressed in the PBMC of HESN women (P = 0.05). Additionally, an interaction model analysis indicated that HESN women who use Depo-Provera have 2.6-fold higher levels of Mx2 than any other group (P < 0.001). No associations with Mx1 expression were observed. CONCLUSION: This is the first epidemiological report of Mx2 and its association with altered susceptibility to HIV infection in HESN women. Additionally, we show that HESN women who use Depo-Provera have the highest levels of Mx2 expression, highlighting a possible mechanism for hormonal modulation of HIV susceptibility.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".