Impact of KDO in biological activity of Re-LPS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The minimal biological active structure of endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides (LPS)) is Re-LPS (KDO2-lipid A), which consist of lipid A and two (or three) molecules of 3-deoxy- D -manno-2-octulosonic acid (KDO) [ 1 , 2 ]. Biological activity of endotoxins is defined in general by the number and distribution of acyl residues on the lipid A backbone [ 3 ]. Recently it has been reported that KDO-treated RAW 264.7 cells exhibited a gene expression pattern similar to that in LPS-treated cells. These authors revealed that free KDO participated in crosstalk between Toll-like receptors (TLR) and G protein-coupled receptors and so that regulated activators and repressors of immune signaling [ 4 ]. LPS-dependent TLR4-triggered activation of target cells leads to specific changes in the levels of surface receptors and induces synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines [ 5 ]. However, the dependence of these processes on the structural composition of LPS is not well understood. To extend our knowledge in this field, the effects of free KDO as well as KDO as covalently linked to lipid A constituent of Re-LPS on expression of TLR4, CD11b and CD14 receptors and TNFα synthesis in whole human blood have been investigated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".