Bibliographic record
Abstract
IMPORTANCE: Pearly penile papules (PPPs) are benign, dome-shaped lesions found around the corona of the penis. Treatments have varied in the past; however, to our knowledge, the use of the pulsed dye laser (PDL) for this condition has never been reported in the literature. Such papules are histologically analogous to angiofibromas; thus, we report PDL is an appropriate, effective, and nonablative method of treatment. OBSERVATIONS: Four patients diagnosed with PPPs were treated with PDL. Each patient reported little to no discomfort during the procedure. Minimal bruising was found in all 4 patients, which diminished over time. One patient stated slight discomfort after the procedure; this however, resolved in a weeks' time. Complete clearance of the papules was noted after 2 to 3 treatments in 2 patients and a reduction of the papules in 2 patients. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: These 4 case reports illustrate the advantages of using PDL when treating PPP. In each patient, the appearance of the papules was either completely diminished or significantly reduced after the procedure. This result was achieved with only minimal discomfort felt by the patients. The use of PDL offers dermatologists a new treatment modality for PPPs that is safe, easily performed, and produces excellent aesthetic results.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".