Does the ability to metabolically downregulate alter the hypoxia tolerance of fishes?: a comparative study using cunner (<i>T. adspersus</i>) and Greenland cod (<i>G. ogac</i>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, the metabolic response and tolerance of cunner (a temperate wrasse species capable of metabolic depression) to graded hypoxia (water O(2) saturation 100-10%) was measured at two temperatures ( approximately 1 and 8 degrees C), and compared with that of the Greenland cod (Gadus ogac). Cunner had significantly lower oxygen consumption (MO(2)) values at both 1 (21.2+/-2.4 mg O(2) kg(-0.83) hr(-1)) and 8 degrees C (31.6+/-1.5 mg O(2) kg(-0.83) hr(-1)) as compared with the Greenland cod (64.0+/-4.3 and 92.5+/-6.3 mg O(2) kg(-0.83) hr(-1), respectively) when measured under normoxia. In addition, this species was considerably more hypoxia tolerant than Greenland cod, as evidenced by an ability to tolerate lower water O(2) saturations and their significantly lower critical oxygen saturation (S(crit)) values (16.9 and 21.4% vs. 40.4 and 54.8% water O(2) saturation at 1 and 8 degrees C, respectively). Surprisingly, the normoxic Q(10) value for cunner MO(2) (1.77) was not indicative of a hypometabolic state at 1 degrees C (based on previous experiments on this species). However, 1 degrees C cunner immediately decreased their MO(2) to a new steady state (44% below normoxic levels) when water O(2) saturation was lowered, and this resulted in a Q(10) of approximately 4.5 at oxygen levels between 80 and 20% saturation. This study provides the first data to suggest that fish capable of metabolic depression have an enhanced hypoxia tolerance, and that the cunner's hypometabolic state at cold temperatures is plastic and dependent on other environmental parameters.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".