Bibliographic record
Abstract
Flow on the lee side of wind turbines has been assumed to be helical, with swirl constrained by a pressure increase with radius. This would imply secondary flow into the axis in the blade boundary layer with the heavy swirl optimal at low speed ratios. But in the DTU wind tunnel, tufts on the BEM optimal torque wind stator did not show secondary flow. In fact the straight smoke trails observed behind the stator imply uniform pressure. For BEM optimal and practicable rotors, the interference increases with local speed ratio so the pressure on the lee side actually decreases with radius. In the limit of high speed ratio the pressure gradient again vanishes and the difference between Coriolis and curvilinear secondary forcing terms is a simple function of the apparent wind. Using this function for all speed ratios avoids any pressure gradient and secondary flow towards the axis. The universal profile of such approximated secondary flow and its effect on the chordwise boundary layer are studied as perturbations of the Blasius flat plate layer for Glauert's BEM optimal rotor.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".