Dust emissions from undisturbed and disturbed supply‐limited desert surfaces
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aeolian sediment transport systems have been treated frequently as transport limited, where transport is governed by the force of the wind, or as supply limited, where sediment transport is controlled by the availability of surface grains. Although many arid environments are dominated by supply‐limited surfaces, almost all available dust emission and sand transport models are restricted to transport‐limited conditions. To examine the emission of PM 10 (particulate matter ≤10 μ m aerodynamic diameter) and horizontal sand transport from supply‐limited environments, a series of wind tunnel tests were conducted in the Mojave Desert, California. In situ testing was conducted with an open‐floored, portable wind tunnel (12 × 1 × 0.75 m) on a variety of natural soils having disturbed and undisturbed surface conditions. Results indicate that for these supply‐limited environments, PM 10 emissions are primarily driven by the aerodynamic resuspension of loose surface material as opposed to the dynamic entrainment mechanisms associated with saltating grains. Emission rates were directly influenced by wind shear and mechanical disturbance and indirectly influenced by soil texture. In addition, disturbance of the surface was found to increase the potential for multiple emission events, which may affect the temporal accumulation of atmospheric dust.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it