Response of dry bean to preplant incorporated and preemergence applications of pyroxasulfone
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Three field trials were conducted over a 2-yr period at Exeter (2007, 2008) and Ridgetown (2007), Ontario to evaluate the tolerance of two market classes and two cultivars of each market class (cranberry, Etna and Hooter; kidney, Red Kanner and Red Hawk) of dry bean to preplant incorporated (PPI) and preemergence (PRE) applications of pyroxasulfone at 209 and 418 g a.i. ha -1 . All treatments including the non-treated control were maintained weed free during the growing season. There was greater injury when pyroxasulfone was applied PPI than PRE, and injury was greater with the high rate at 1, 2, and 4 wk after emergence (WAE). Pyroxasulfone at 209 and 418 g a.i. ha -1 caused as much as 32 and 61% visible injury when applied PPI and 15 and 30% visible injury when applied PRE in dry bean, respectively. Pyroxasulfone at 209 and 418 g a.i. ha -1 decreased shoot dry weight as much as 60 and 80% when applied PPI and 30 and 50% when applied PRE in dry bean, respectively. Plant height was not affected by pyroxasulfone application timing, but was rate dependent. Height was reduced 14, 13, 22 and 13% at 209 g a.i. ha -1 and 24, 31, 42 and 27% at 418 g a.i. ha -1 for Etna, Hooter, Red Kanner and Red Hawk cultivars, respectively. Dry bean yield was reduced as much as 29% at 209 g a.i. ha -1 and 45% at 418 g a.i. ha -1 . This research shows that there is not an adequate margin of crop safety for pyroxasulfone applied PPI or PRE at the rates evaluated in Etna, Hooter, Red Kanner and Red Hawk dry beans in Ontario.Key words: Cranberry bean, Etna bean, kidney bean, Hooter bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L., Red Hawk bean, Red Kanner bean, pyroxasulfone
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".