Transient kinetics of <i>n</i>‐Butane oxidation to maleic anhydride over a VPO catalyst
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Transient reaction kinetics is usually needed to model the reactor system operated under unsteady‐state mode to improve the performance of the catalyst packed in such a reactor system and to match operating conditions of different reaction steps in this system. The transient reaction kinetics of n‐butane oxidation to maleic anhydride over a commercial VPO catalyst was systematically studied, using online MS/GC measurements, transient response, and forced periodic operation methods. A simplified scheme with respect to the reaction network is proposed based on the previous studies and the observations in this work. Combining the results on the roles of lattice and adsorbed oxygen in the reaction process with the data obtained in transient response experiments, a transient kinetic model taking account of the oxygen storage and diffusion in the bulk‐phase of the catalyst was introduced and its parameters were estimated. The model was examined by the transient response experimental data and time‐average concentrations of butane and maleic anhydride under forced unsteady‐state operation.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it