Self-assembly of a set of hydrophilic–solvophobic–hydrophobic coil–rod–coil molecules based on perylene diimide
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The self-assembly and the resulting morphology of a set of asymmetrically substituted perylene diimide is discussed. We synthesized perylene diimides with hydrophilic Jeffamine® (PEO/PPO co-oligomer) attached to the imide nitrogen on one side and (hydrophobic) alkyl chains of different lengths on the other. Although studies on asymmetrically substituted perylene diimides have been reported by various authors, both side chains in this work are linear and we discuss the effect of the length of the hydrophobic alkyl side chain on the self-assembly in water and aqueous mixtures and the resulting morphology. We find that self-assembly occurs in water in a range of concentrations (from 10(-7) to 10(-4) M), and the mode of packing of the H-stacked molecules changes with concentration for the propyl substitution. Although self-assembly does not occur in non-aqueous solvents such as acetone, it does upon addition of water. While other authors observed nano-belts and nano-fibers with asymmetrically substituted perylene diimides, the morphology of drop-cast films in our work consists of folded sheets and hollow tubes, of a few microns in diameter. Such folding in a non-chiral system such as the present case is attributed to predominant asymmetry of interactions between the molecules in the three directions, as we discussed in our previous work on an hydrogen bonded system (S. Khanna, M. K. Khan and P. Sundararajan, Langmuir, 2009, 25, 13183-13193).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".