Heat transport simulations in a heterogeneous aquifer used for aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A modelling study was carried out to evaluate the influence of aquifer heterogeneity, as represented by geologic layering, on heat transport and storage in an aquifer used for aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES). An existing ATES system in Agassiz, British Columbia, Canada, was used as a case study. The system consists of four production wells completed in an unconfined heterogeneous aquifer consisting of interbedded sands and gravels. An additional dump well was installed to provide for heat dissipation during the peak cooling periods. Three monitoring wells and the production wells were logged for temperature periodically within the first 1.5 years of operation. A three-dimensional groundwater flow and heat transport model was developed using FEFLOW. Simulation results indicate that heat and (or) cold energy moved preferentially in discrete zones within the aquifer or at least entered the wells over discrete intervals. Monitoring data support model results, but show that thermal storage was successfully achieved despite a significant cooling operation during the first year.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".