Life span and biomass allocation of stunted black spruce clones in the subarctic environment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary 1 Slow growth, maintenance of a high leaf : wood ratio and adoption of a clonal growth habit, more than size per se , may increase the life span in trees species. The longevity of black spruce ( Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP.) is increased from 200 to 300 years, when it grows as a clonal shrub. 2 We measured the surface area and above‐ and below‐ground biomass of 25 postfire, stunted black spruce clones identified from RAPDs markers. The maximum age of each clone was deduced from tree‐ring dating or by radiocarbon dating of charcoal fragments. The oldest clone was > 1800 years of age. The total surface area of the clones increased with age, ranging from 2.8 to 691.3 m 2 . The ratio of living aerial parts to the total surface area decreased from 100% to < 50% with postfire stand age, reflecting fragmentation of clones into many autonomous or potentially autonomous rooted branches (layers). The number of layers increased with age from 12 layers in a 100‐year‐old individual to more than 80 in a 1800‐year‐old clone. 3 Biomass allocation and fragmentation can explain the maintenance of a relatively stable leaf : wood ratio of approximately 10% through time in stunted black spruce clones. The fragmentation of layers is the main mechanism ensuring the great longevity of prostrate clones in exposed sites. In the absence of perturbation, stunted black spruce clones may perpetuate for centuries or even millennia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".