Determination of heat generated by metabolic activities during composting of greenhouse tomato plant residues
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Heat and mass balances were performed on an insulated laboratory composting bioreactor operating on tomato plant residues. Wood shavings and municipal solid compost were used as a bulking agent and an inoculum, respectively. The moisture content and C:N ratio were adjusted at 60% and 30:1, respectively. Both the thermal and biological parameters were evaluated. The moisture content stayed relatively constant at 59.7 ± 0.61%. The reductions in volatile solids, total carbohydrate, fat and grease, protein, and TKN-N were 29.1, 31.7, 88.8, 17.8, and 11.0%, respectively. The NH 4 + -N remained unchanged (0.33–0.35%). The temperature peaked after 31 h of operation reaching 63.3 °C and lasted for 9 h. The result of the thermal analysis indicated that the average heat production value was 14.6 kJ/g DM degraded. The conductive heat losses through the cylindrical body and the sidewalls of the bioreactor accounted for 36.53% of the total cumulative heat produced, whereas the heat loss due to aeration accounted for 62.57% and the heat gained by the compost and bioreactor materials accounted for the remaining 0.9%. The addition of a bioavailable carbon source (used cooking oil) at the peak temperature could extend the duration of the maximum temperature to insure that the composting process is effective in destroying pathogens and pesticides. Key words: compost, bioavailable carbon, tomato residues, wood shavings, nitrogen, carbohydrate, protein, fat, temperature.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".