Search for Non-Gaussian Signals in the BOOMERANG Maps: Pixel-Space Analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We search the BOOMERANG (Balloon Observations Of Millimetric Extragalactic Radiation ANd Geophysics) maps of the anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) for deviations from Gaussianity. In this Letter, we focus on analysis techniques in pixel space and compute skewness, kurtosis, and Minkowski functionals for the BOOMERANG maps and for Gaussian simulations of the CMB sky. We do not find any significant deviation from Gaussianity in the high galactic latitude section of the 150 GHz map. We do find deviations from Gaussianity at lower latitudes and at 410 GHz, and we ascribe them to Galactic dust contamination. Using non-Gaussian simulations of instrumental systematic effects, of foregrounds, and of sample non-Gaussian cosmological models, we set upper limits to the non-Gaussian component of the temperature field in the BOOMERANG maps. For fluctuations distributed as a 1 degree of freedom χ 2 mixed to the main Gaussian component, our upper limits are in the few percentile range.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".