Resistance artery mechanics and composition in angiotensin II-infused rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Angiotensin (Ang) II stimulates aldosterone production, which may mediate some of the effects of Ang II. OBJECTIVE: To test whether Ang II-induced structural and mechanical changes in resistance arteries may be prevented by the non-selective aldosterone receptor blocker, spironolactone, independently of reduction in blood pressure. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats received Ang II [120 ng/kg per min subcutaneously (s.c.)] with or without spironolactone or hydralazine (25 mg/kg per day). Two additional groups received aldosterone (750 ng/h s.c.) with or without spironolactone. After 2 weeks, third-order mesenteric arteries were dissected and studied by pressurized myograph. Deposition of collagen type I/III in the vascular wall was evaluated by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. RESULTS: Ang II increased blood pressure significantly (P <0.01); this was partially prevented by spironolactone (P <0.01) and nearly normalized by hydralazine (P <0.01). Media thickness, media:lumen ratio and media cross-sectional area of mesenteric resistance arteries increased under Ang II or aldosterone (P <0.01) and this was partially prevented by spironolactone (P <0.01), but not by hydralazine. Compared with the control or Ang II + spironolactone groups, rats treated with Ang II with or without hydralazine presented stiffer vessels, with leftward shift of the stress-strain relationship and a raised slope of the incremental elastic modulus-stress relationship (P <0.05). Confocal microscopy demonstrated enhanced deposition of collagen type I/III in the media of arteries from rats infused with Ang II or aldosterone, an effect that was prevented partially by spironolactone but unaffected by hydralazine. CONCLUSION: Ang II-induced vascular alterations in structure, mechanics and composition were partially prevented by spironolactone, independently of blood pressure reduction, providing further evidence that some actions of Ang II on resistance arteries are mediated by aldosterone.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".