Bibliographic record
Abstract
New H i images from the VLA Galactic Plane Survey show prominent absorption features associated with the supernovae remnant G23.3–0.3 (SNR W41). We highlight the H i absorption spectra and the 13 CO emission spectra of eight small regions on the face of W41, including four H ii regions, three non-thermal emission regions, and one unclassified region. The maximum velocity of absorption for W41 is 78 ± 2 km s −1 and the CO cloud at radial velocity 95 ± 5 km s −1 is behind W41. Because an extended TeV source, a diffuse X-ray enhancement, and a large molecular cloud at radial velocity 77 ± 5 km s −1 overlap the center of W41, the kinematic distance is 3.9–4.5 kpc for W41. For the H ii regions, our analysis shows that both G23.42–0.21 and G23.07+0.25 are at the far kinematic distances (∼9.9 kpc and ∼10.6 kpc, respectively) of their recombination-line velocities (103 ± 0.5 km s −1 and 89.6 ± 2.1 km s −1 , respectively), G23.07–0.37 is at the near kinematic distance (4.4 ± 0.3 kpc) of its recombination-line velocity (82.7 ± 2.0 km s −1 ), and G23.27–0.27 is probably at the near kinematic distance (4.1 ± 0.3 kpc) of its recombination-line velocity (76.1 ± 0.6 km s −1 ).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".