Density equalisation in supercooled high- and low-density water mixtures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The temporal evolution of two model high-density/low-density (HDL/LDL) interfaces was examined from molecular dynamics (MD) calculations at temperatures close to the predicted second critical point of water for three water models. In all cases, interfacial density equalisation occurred rapidly showing no preference for inhomogenous distribution. A uniform density (of ca. 0.99-1.067 g/cm(3), depending on the potential) was always observed at the interface, indicating the free energy of water in low- and high-density forms is metastable, and that LDL and HDL should not coexist as independent entities at thermodynamic equilibrium. It is reckoned that previous MD studies supporting the "two-liquid" model have an explicit, if inappropriate, assumption of mechanical equilibrium between the two phases. The present result challenges the notion that a second critical point exists, and that LDL/HDL mixtures could be even kinetically metastable.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".