Steady-state drainage in a liquid collection system with two different slopes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Liquid collection layers are commonly used as part of modern landfills. These collection layers are often composed of two sections with different slopes. Design methods are presently available for limited cases where there is no drain at the connection between the two sections. This paper presents a computational solution based on the Dupuit assumption to calculate the maximum liquid depth and provide the liquid profile for the drainage systems comprising two different slopes. A case study showed that, in most cases, the maximum depth of the downstream section is determined by the total horizontal length of the two sections, the slope of the downstream section, and the inflow rate. The application of a geocomposite in the downstream section can significantly reduce the maximum liquid depth in both the upstream and downstream sections of the drainage system. The application of a geocomposite in the upstream section can only influence the maximum depth in the upstream section of the drainage system. Simplified procedures are proposed that can estimate the maximum depth in the upstream and downstream sections if the drainage layer consists of one material.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".