Controlled Pore Opening of Ni/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Using Chemical Vapor Deposition in a Fluidized Bed Reactor
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The modification of catalyst structures can be very important for achieving high activities, selectivities, and stabilities. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is one method that can be used for this purpose. In this work, SiO 2 has been deposited on the external surface of Ni/Al 2 O 3 catalysts using CVD in a fluidized bed and the deposition parameters (time and temperature) studied. The catalysts were characterized using N 2 physisorption, H 2 and CO chemisorption, NH 3 temperature-programmed desorption, X-ray diffraction, and reactivity for n -octane hydrocracking. The pore openings of Ni/Al 2 O 3 were narrowed such that H 2 (2.9 Å) uptake remained essentially constant while N 2 (3.6 Å) and CO (3.8 Å) were excluded. As well as changing the pore structure, the deposited silica increased the Brønsted acidity of the Ni/Al 2 O 3 catalysts. The n -octane conversion achieved over the coated catalysts was a balance between the number of strong acid sites and the accessibility to these sites.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".