The influence of system compliance on collapse of triaxial sand samples
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The observed occurrences of dynamic instability of triaxial samples of loose sand presented in the literature are considered in relation to the existence of energetically possible departure paths involving homogeneous deformations. The existence of energetically possible departure paths is investigated under small strain conditions through the sign of the second-order variation in the total energy of the whole mechanical system, comprising both the sample and the loading devices, thus taking the influence of system compliance into account. The SevernTrent sand model is used to evaluate the second-order deformation work of the sample and no ad hoc assumption is found necessary to improve the model's response. The evolution of elastic anisotropy is measured and taken into account, revealing negligible effects. The theoretical findings prove consistent with experiments and highlight the important part played by the compliance of the loading apparatus, which can deeply affect the onset of dynamic instability, as further confirmed by new experimental evidence. Key words: sand, elastic anisotropy, constitutive modelling, mechanical stability, system compliance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".