Bibliographic record
Abstract
TOWARD THE END OF HIS REIGN, ostentatiously identified himself with Apollo citharode, most notoriously in great eiselastic triumph of late 67 which culminated with sacrifice not only to Capitoline Jupiter, but to Palatine Apollo as well, and to Sol in Circus Maximus (Suet. 25, 53). By then, felt that his position as equal of Apollo as a singer and Sol as a charioteer was assured, and Apollo divine lyre-player adorned his coins. When did god and emperor first associate? J. Toynbee answered question sixty years ago in her paper on Nero Artifex: The Apocolocyntosis Reconsidered.' Toynbee cited Tacitus (Ann. 14.14-15) and Cassius Dio (61.19-21) to effect that, after murder of Agrippina, indulged in his long-suppressed desire to race chariots and to sing on stageSong was sacred to Apollo, and that famous god of prophecy was represented in a musician's dress (Tacitus)-and that his chosen band of Augustiani then hailed him at his stage performance in Juvenalia of 59 with words Glorious Caesar! Our Apollo, our Augustus, another Pythian! (Dio). Toynbee concluded that the Apollo aspect of affair seems to be something quite new in 59: we have no trace of it in early years of Nero's reign (90). Toynbee's observation is so evidently correct that ancient testimony need be mentioned only briefly. Most importantly, for Tacitus Apolline equation is clearly something new, and he presents it in 59 as part of Nero's justification for his vetus cupido to perform in public. There is no hint of it earlier in narrative. Similarly with Suetonius: beyond two references late in reign-that is, triumph of 67, and comparison with Apollo, both noted above-there is only anonymous jibe, dum tendit citharam noster, dum cornua Parthus, / noster erit Paean, ille Hecatebeletes (while ours strums his lyre, Parthian's draws his bow; ours shall be Paean, theirs Far-Shooter). This is quoted along with two other pasquinades on murder of Agrippina (59 or after) and one on Golden House (64 or after), and warlike Parthian Apollo can only have become topical after embarrassing capitulation of Caesennius Paetus to Parthians in 62.2 Dio alludes to as Apollo or Helios only twice after notice of 59, and not before: while celebrating triumphal coronation of Tiridates of Armenia in 66, crowd at theatre was protected from sun by a purple awning, at centre of which was figure of driving a chariot, surrounded by golden stars; and at his triumph of 67 crowds cheered their emperor with Hail to Apollo.3
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.012 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".