Steady-State Propagation of In-situ Combustion Fronts with Sequential Reactions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary The sustained propagation of a combustion front is necessary for the improved recovery of oil during an in situ combustion process. In situ combustion involves the added complexity of chemical reactions. In this paper, combustion will involve two sequential oxidation reactions. High-temperature oxidation represents proper combustion, its fuel generated by the preceding low-temperature oxidation. The interaction between the two reactions in the presence of reservoir heat losses and their overall influence on front propagation are investigated using a perturbation, analytical approach, based on the assumption of large activation energies. The places where the reactions occur are treated as spatial discontinuities for heat and mass fluxes, across which appropriate jump conditions are developed. Under certain conditions, the two reaction regions are coupled and travel coherently with the same velocity. The corresponding parameter space is delineated. The resulting common velocity is investigated as a function of the various parameters, including heat losses. The work finds application to our understanding of in-situ combustion processes and their application to oil and bitumen recovery.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".