Bibliographic record
Abstract
Escherichia coli is an important pathogen of animals and humans that causes great financial cost in food production by causing disease in food animals.The quinolones are a class of synthetic antimicrobial agents with excellent activity against Escherichia coli and other Gram-negative bacteria used in human and veterinary medicine.Different quinolones are used to treat various conditions in animals in different parts of the world.All members of this class of drug have the same mode of action: inhibition of topoisomerase enzymes, DNA Gyrase and Topoisomerase IV.Escherichia coli can become resistant to quinolones by altering the target enzymes, reducing permeability of the cell to inhibit their entry, or by actively pumping the drug out of the cell.All these resistance mechanisms can play a role in high-level fluoroquinolone resistance, however target site mutations appear to be most important.As all quinolones act in the same way resistance to one member of the class will also confer decreased susceptibility to all members of the family.Quinolone resistant Escherichia coli in animals have increased in numbers after quinolone introduction in a number of different case studies.The resistance mechanisms in these isolates are the same as those in resistant strains found in humans.Care needs to be taken to ensure that quinolones are used sparingly and appropriately as highly resistant strains of Escherichia coli can be selected and may pass into the food chain.As these drugs are of major therapeutic importance in human medicine, this is a public health concern.More information as to the numbers of quinolone resistant Escherichia coli and the relationship between resistance and quinolone use is needed to allow us to make better informed decisions about when and when not to use quinolones in the treatment of animals. fluoroquinolone / E. coli / ciprofloxacin / poultry / resistanceRésumé -Résistance aux quinolones chez Escherichia coli.Escherichia coli, agent pathogène important chez les animaux et les humains, est responsable d'un coût financier très important dans la production alimentaire dû aux maladies qu'il provoque chez les animaux d'élevage entrant dans la chaîne alimentaire.Les quinolones sont une classe d'agents antimicrobiens synthétiques, utilisés en médecine humaine et vétérinaire, ayant une activité excellente contre E. coli et d'autres bactéries à Gram-négatif.Différentes quinolones sont utilisées dans le traitement de diverses affections chez les animaux dans différentes parties du monde.Tous les membres de cette classe d'antibiotiques
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".