Poplar rust systematics and refinement of Melampsora species delineation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present a review of previous taxonomic treatments of the Melampsora species occurring on poplar and describe the features associated with each spore stage in a typical poplar rust life cycle. The morphological, biological and ecological characters traditionally used for taxonomy are summarized for all Melampsora taxa, including 17 accepted species, 2 formae speciales and 2 hybrids, currently listed in the literature as pathogenic on Populus spp. We discuss the historical taxonomic decisions that led to nomenclatural and classification complications for this group of rusts, and highlight the lack of type material for three species known only from the original collections: M. cumminsii , M. multa , and M. osmaniensis. Even when all the traditional features are considered, the taxonomy of Melampsora poplar rust species remains uncertain and incomplete. An overview of recent molecular studies suggests the need for a comprehensive revision of species concepts, based on phylogenetic relationships. To that end, we propose a polyphasic approach, including the Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition method, be used to build robust and meaningful systematic framework for the Melampsora poplar rusts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".