La politique municipale à Montréal dans les années 1990 : du « réformisme populaire » au « populisme gestionnaire »
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sur la base de quelles valeurs et de quels programmes politiques Pierre Bourque et le parti Vision Montréal ont-ils remporté les élections municipales de 1994 et de 1998 à Montréal ? La victoire de Pierre Bourque s’inscrit-elle dans la même tendance que celle qui a vu naître durant les années 1980, dans plusieurs villes américaines et françaises, un nouveau type de leaders qu’on a qualifié de « néo populistes » ? Cette note de recherche tente de répondre à ces questions en analysant les programmes électoraux que les partis municipaux ont présentés lors de ces deux élections. L’analyse montre qu’au « réformisme populaire » incarné par le Rassemblement des citoyens de Montréal entre 1986 et 1994 a succédé, en 1994, le « populisme gestionnaire » incarné par Pierre Bourque et son parti, Vision Montréal.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".