The Electrochemical Response of Preoxidized Copper in Aqueous Sulfide Solutions
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The conversion of a film on copper to in aqueous sulfide solutions has been followed using a combination of electrochemical techniques and in situ Raman spectroscopy. Oxide films were electrochemically grown in alkaline solutions and their composition and morphology determined using Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Although corrosion potential measurements indicate that the aqueous sulfide solution rapidly penetrates the porous layer, the oxide-to-sulfide reaction appears to proceed chemically at the oxide/solution interface rather than via the galvanic coupling of Cu oxidation to and reduction to Cu. In situ Raman spectroscopy confirms that the sulfide formed is , and cathodic stripping voltammetry shows that the reaction is initially rapid and then proceeds at a constant rate until the conversion is complete. Comparison of the amounts of oxide initially present and sulfide eventually formed demonstrates that the conversion is 100% efficient. These studies are part of a larger project to determine the important corrosion processes on copper high-level nuclear waste containers exposed to anoxic aqueous sulfide containing groundwaters.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it