Soot Formation in Unstrained Diffusion Flames
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The formation of soot particles has been investigated in CH4/O2 diffusion flames using a unique burner design, which allows the creation of a nearly unstrained planar reaction sheet. Spatially resolved soot volume fractions were obtained using laser-induced incandescence. These soot measurements and the sooting limits were obtained as a function of bulk flow across the flame and mixture strength. Samples were collected using thermophoretic sampling and analyzed using electron microscopy, revealing a broad range of microstructures including particles with unusually large primary diameters and carbon nanotubes. A theoretical model is presented, which confirms that under certain conditions the 1D nature of the flow field of the burner and the strong adverse temperature gradient on the fuel side of the flame result in the soot particles being held in place by thermophoretic forces and allowed to grow for very long time periods. Some of these so-called super aggregates reached sizes of tens of microns and became visible to the naked eye in the soot layer.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it