Munitions Propellants Residue Deposition Rates On Military Training Ranges
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Training with live munitions is an integral component of preparing the modern military for warfare. Energetic compounds, such as propellants and explosives, are consumed during the use of these munitions. These compounds are never fully consumed, however, and the deposition and accumulation of energetic residue on training ranges is the result. This paper summarizes 10 years of research into propellant deposition rates for common military munitions used in the USA and Canada. Research indicates that the firing of howitzers and tanks leave very little residue, the firing of mortars can result in moderate deposition of propellant residue, small‐arms firing positions have the potential for significant residue accumulation, and training with shoulder‐fired rockets and 40 mm machine guns can result in dangerous quantities of unburned propellants. Residue rates vary widely for the weapon systems tested, from 10 −6 % for large rocket systems to over 70 % for shoulder‐fired rockets.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it