A miniature, ultrasonic transcutaneous energy transmission system for powering implantable medical devices.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present a novel miniaturized ultrasonic transcutaneous energy transmission system (TETS) for powering implantable hearing aids. To operate, implantable hearing aids typically require 50–80 mW of electrical power, which has traditionally been delivered through a set of coupled magnetic induction coils. Because of inherent trade-offs between size and efficiency in this design, typical devices are 50 mm diameter or larger which severely limits the implantation locations available to the surgeon, particularly when implanting infants. We have developed an ultrasonic TETS that offers comparable efficiency (>30%) to electromagnetic links in a device that, at less than 5 mm diameter, is more than an order of magnitude smaller. The ultrasonic TETS also shows a high degree of insensitivity to alignment and to separation distance of the transmit and receive transducers. We will present the results of measurements of electrical efficiency in experiments in water and tissue, and examine the theoretical limits on device efficiency and directions for improvement.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".