Direct Spanish Foreign Investment in Latin America: Determinants and Company Strategy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT This article thoroughly analyzes the main determinants of the process of internationalization of Spanish firms in Latin America during the second half of the nineties. The results of the interviews that have been carried out show that the process of internationalization of Spanish firms reflects both the maturity of Spanish economic growth and the structural changes that the country has experienced since its integration in the European Union. They also show that the internationalization of Spanish firms is also a consequence of certain strengths related to the existence of a set of ownership advantages, on the part of some Spanish firms, and location advantages, especially those related to market access, which determine the decision to invest in Latin America. RÉSUMÉ Cet article fait une analyse approfondie des facteurs déterminants du procès d'internationalisation des entreprises espagnoles pendant la deuxième moitié des années quatre-vingt-dix en Amérique latine. Les résultats obtenus des recherches qui ont eu lieu, indiquent, tout d'abord, que le procès d'internationalisation des entreprises espagnoles est un reflet de la maturité de la croissance de l'économie espagnole comme des changements structurels que le pays expérimente depuis son intégration dans l'Union européenne. Les recherches indiquent, que l'internationalisation des entreprises espagnoles, est la conséquence de certaines forteresses, en relation avec l'existence d'avantages comparatives et d'avantages locales de certaines entreprises espagnoles, spéialement, celle en rapport avec l'accès au marché qui détermine l'investissement en Amérique latine.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".