Holding Leaders Accountable in the International Criminal Court (ICC) for Gender Crimes Committed in Darfur
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article discusses how rape and other forms of sexual violence have been prominent features of the ongoing attacks (from 2003 to the present) committed by government of Sudan (GoS) troops and the Janjaweed (Arab militia) in Darfur, Sudan. It first provides a historical overview of wartime rape in law and society, then discusses some of the many reports (including the UN's Commission of Inquiry on Darfur) that have documented the perpetration of rape and other forms of sexual violence in Darfur by GoS troops and Janjaweed. Following a discussion of specific cases of rape and other sexual crimes committed in Darfur, the author discusses how such crimes can be and have been prosecuted as war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide. Among the other issues discussed in the essay are the concepts of individual and superior responsibility, as they relate to prosecuting those responsible for sexual violence, and the critical need to hold leaders accountable for sex crimes.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it