An ontology-based framework for geospatial clustering
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Geospatial clustering is an important topic in knowledge discovery research and geospatial information systems. However, current clustering research emphasizes the development of more efficient and effective clustering methods without paying much attention to domain knowledge and users' goals during the clustering process. Making better use of geospatial and clustering knowledge to select proper methods and datasets will help achieve clustering results that better meet users' requirements. In this article, we present the GEO_CLUST framework for performing geospatial clustering. The framework consists of the GeoCO ontology for geospatial clustering and the ontology reasoner reasoning mechanism. The GeoCO ontology is used to represent geospatial and clustering domain knowledge. The ontology reasoner uses classification and decomposition techniques to specify users' tasks. Using the framework, users can identify the appropriate geospatial data and clustering method based on their specific goals. To demonstrate the framework, two case studies on finding population density clusters in Western Canada and locating five hospitals in South Carolina are discussed. The results show that the framework can select the proper datasets and clustering methods with respect to users' goals.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.006 | 0.009 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".