Determination of Diffusion Coefficients and Interface Mass-Transfer Coefficients of the Crude Oil−CO<sub>2</sub> System by Analysis of the Dynamic and Equilibrium Interfacial Tensions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, a newly developed dynamic interfacial tension method has been applied to simultaneously determine the diffusion coefficients and interface mass-transfer coefficients of the crude oil−CO 2 system at high pressures and a constant temperature. Experimentally, the dynamic and equilibrium interfacial tensions of the crude oil−CO 2 system are measured by using the axisymmetric drop shape analysis (ADSA) technique for the pendant drop case. Theoretically, a mathematical model is formulated to obtain the time-dependent CO 2 concentration distribution inside the pendant oil drop. Then, in terms of a predetermined calibration curve of the measured equilibrium interfacial tension versus the calculated equilibrium CO 2 concentration in the crude oil, the dynamic interfacial tension at any time is calculated. Subsequently, an objective function is constructed to express the overall discrepancy between the numerically calculated and the experimentally measured dynamic interfacial tensions at different times. The CO 2 diffusion coefficient and the mass-transfer Biot number are used as adjustable parameters and thus determined once the global minimum objective function is achieved. The diffusion coefficient, the mass-transfer Biot number, and the interface mass-transfer coefficient of CO 2 mass transfer in a medium crude oil sample at P = 0.1−5.0 MPa and T = 27 °C are found to be 0.47−2.49 × 10 −9 m 2 /s, 2.3−6.8, 0.88−8.41 × 10 −5 m/s, respectively.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".