Phytoestrogens And Aerobic Exercise: Effects On Risk Factors Of Cardiovascular Diseases In Postmenopausal Women
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Menopause is associated with increased risks of cardiovascular desease (CVD) and represents a major health concern. More specifically, menopause is marked by an accumulation of fat mass in the abdominal compartment and loss of fat-free mass. Recently, studies have suggested a synergetic action of phytoestrogens and exercise on body composition. Yet, it remains uncertain if phytoestrogens and exercise have synergetic action on various markers of CVD. PURPOSE: This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of phytoestrogens supplementation, alone or combined with exercise, to improve clinical risk factors that predispose overweight postmenopausal women to CVD. METHODS: In this 6-month double-blind randomized-controlled trial, 43 overweight (BMI: 30.8±4.7 kg/m2), postmenopausal women (57.6 ± 5.7 y) were distributed in 4 groups: 1) Placebo (PLA); 2) phytoestrogens (PHYTO); 3) Placebo and exercise (PLA+Ex), and 4) phytoestrogens and exercise (PHYTO+Ex). Supplement was ingested daily and contained 70 mg/d of phytoestrogens (soy isoflavones) or an identical placebo-containing capsule. Exercise consisted of three 1-hour weekly sessions of aerobics. Outcome measures included: body composition (DXA), lipid profile, Sex-Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG), testosterone, and C-Reactive Protein (CRP). RESULTS: PHYTO+Ex is the only group who significantly improved risk factors of CVD, namely trunk fat mass (p=.026), SHBG (p=.043), CRP (p=.000) and HDL-Cholesterol (p=.037). Phytoestrogens and exercise also appeared to exert a positive effect on depression symptoms associated to menopause (p=.044). Finally, there was an increase in testosterone in the PLA+Ex group (p=.020), but not in the PHYTO+Ex group. This may be mediated through changes in SHBG and warrant further studies regarding possible implications in CVD. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of exercise and PHYTO lead to reduction in risk factors of CVD, including CRP, trunk FM, HDL-Cholesterol, and SHBG levels. Funded by Canadian Institute of Health Research
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".