The flocculation of kaolin by cationic polyacrylamides and the effect of cationic surfactant on this process
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The flocculation of kaolin suspended in a dilute salt solution was studied as a function of the addition of cationic surfactant and cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) added separately, consecutively, or simultaneously. Cationic polyacrylamide caused flocculation by bridging when added in low concentrations, but at higher concentrations, charge neutralization became the dominant mechanism and the flocculation rate was highly dependent on the charge density of the polymer. Adsorption of sufficient polymer or surfactant (cetyl pyridinium chloride) prevented immediate adsorption of the other, although surfactant could replace polymer after extended agitation. The adsorption of polymer was greatest when small flocs were formed by charge neutralization or by prolonged shaking. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 2382–2389, 2002
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".