Highly Fluorinated Dithieno[3,2-<i>b</i>:2′,3′-<i>d</i>]phospholes with Stabilized LUMO Levels
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A series of dithieno[3,2- b: 2′,3′- d ]phospholes with a perfluorophenyl substituent at the phosphorus center has been synthesized. Further cross-coupling reactions with additional fluorinated phenyl groups afforded extended conjugated materials with different substitution patterns. Investigation of the optoelectronic properties of the materials revealed smaller highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)−lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) gaps for the extended materials that were also confirmed by theoretical density functional theory (DFT) calculations. These further indicated that the LUMO levels experience a more significant drop in energy than the respective HOMO levels. This fact can be attributed to the strongly electron-withdrawing nature of the fluoroaryls. In addition, the absolute energies of the frontier orbitals depend on the position of the fluoro substituents in the terminal aryl groups, with meta-positioned fluoro atoms having the strongest effect. Electrochemical investigations as well as theoretical calculations toward the electron affinity of the extended, highly fluorinated dithienophospholes revealed promising features that may prove useful for application as n-type semiconductors in corresponding organic field-effect transistors (OFETs).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".