Direct Shear Interface Test for Shaft Capacity of Piles in Sand
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract For precise estimation of shaft capacity of a pile, it is essential to determine accurately the soil-pile interface friction angle (δ). The apparatus available to measure the value of δ, the miniature pile test apparatus and the soil-pile-slip test apparatus are only available for research purposes. This paper presents the details of an investigation carried out using the conventional direct shear test apparatus to measure the value of δ for soil-pile interface. The direct shear interface tests were conducted using four types of surfaces and two types of sands. The values of δ obtained from these tests are compared with the internal friction angle (φ) of the sand and with the results obtained from soil-pile-slip tests. The interface test results are also used to estimate the shaft capacity of a few model piles embedded in sand.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it