Who Are the Users of Vitamin–Mineral and Herbal Preparations among Community-Living Older Adults?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Information on the characteristics of seniors who use supplements is lacking. A convenience sample of community-living seniors (n= 128) was recruited from 10 sites to identify factors associated with supplement use (vitamin-mineral and/or herbal preparations). Data on nutritional variables, health history, and supplement use were collected with an interview-administered questionnaire. APropensity to Use Supplementsscale was developed and was associated with increased use of herbal supplements. At the bivariate level, few characteristics distinguished users and non-users. Multivariate modelling revealed the Propensity scale and a low Body Mass Index to be factors related to the total number of supplements used. When individual scale items were examined at the bivariate level, food supply concerns, health beliefs, and a proactive role in one's own health were associated with increased supplement use. Initial results suggest seniors' attitudes towards supplements may be an important factor contributing to their decision to use supplements. Further work is required in a more diverse, randomly selected, older Canadian population.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".