Role of Transforming Growth Factor‐beta1 in Cyclosporine‐Induced Epithelial‐to‐Mesenchymal Transition in Gingival Epithelium
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: It has been proposed that cyclosporin A (CsA) may induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in gingiva. The aims of the present study are to confirm the notion that EMT occurs in human gingival epithelial (hGE) cells after CsA treatment and to investigate the role of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β1) on this CsA-induced EMT. METHODS: The effects of CsA, with and without TGF-β1 inhibitor, on the morphologic changes of primary culture of hGE cells were examined in vitro. The changes of protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of two EMT markers (E-cadherin and alpha-smooth muscle actin) in the hGE cells after CsA treatment with and without TGF-β1 inhibitor were evaluated with immunocytochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The epithelial cells became spindle-like, elongated, and disassociated from neighboring cells and lost their original cobblestone monolayer pattern when CsA was added. However, the epithelial cells stayed in their original cobblestone morphology with treatment of TGF-β1 inhibitor on top of the CsA treatment. When CsA was given, the protein and mRNA expressions of E-cadherin and α-SMA were significantly altered, and these alterations were significantly reversed with pretreatment of TGF-β1 inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS: CsA could induce Type 2 EMT in gingiva by changing the morphology of epithelial cells and altering the EMT markers/effectors. The CsA-induced gingival EMT is dependent or at least partially dependent on TGF-β1.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".