The transition from geostrophic to stratified turbulence
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present numerical simulations of forced rotating stratified turbulence dominated by vortical motion (i.e. with potential vorticity). Strong stratification and various rotation rates are considered, corresponding to a small Froude number and a wide range of Rossby numbers $\hbox{\it Ro}$ spanning the regimes of stratified turbulence ( $\hbox{\it Ro}\,{=}\,\infty$ ) to quasi-geostrophic turbulence ( $\hbox{\it Ro}\,{\ll}\,1$ ). We examine how the energy spectra and characteristic vertical scale of the turbulence vary with Rossby number between these two regimes. The separate dependence on $N/f$ , where $N$ is the Brunt–Väisälä frequency and $f$ is the Coriolis parameter, is found to be of secondary importance. As the macroscale $\hbox{\it Ro}$ decreases below 0.4 and the microscale $\hbox{\it Ro}$ (at our resolution) decreases below 3, the horizontal wavenumber energy spectrum steepens and the flat range in the vertical wavenumber spectrum increases in amplitude and decreases in length. At large Rossby numbers, the vertical scale $H$ is proportional to the stratified turbulence value $U/N$ , where $U$ is the root mean square velocity. At small $\hbox{\it Ro}$ , $H$ takes the quasi-geostrophic form $(f/N)L$ , where $L$ is the horizontal scale of the flow. Implications of these findings for numerical atmosphere and ocean modelling are discussed.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it