Grid Types Used to Strengthen Reinforced Concrete Panels Subjected to Impact Loading
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The protection of existing reinforced concrete structures against impact loads, the effects of blast, or both, has become a major concern of researchers and engineers. Sudden impacts and release of high-speed loads, such as those from bullets, fragment bombs, and bare explosive charges, can generate high pressures on structures, resulting in fragmentation that can cause serious damage, injuries, and casualties. Results from an experimental investigation performed on reinforced concrete slabs retrofitted with different grids and polypropylene, polyethylene, and steel meshes are presented. The testing program includes impact tests using a falling weight and fragmentation simulation using an air gun. These tests were conducted on square concrete panels with dimensions of 600 × 600 × 100 mm. Deflections and depths of penetration were measured, as were applied and absorbed kinetic energy and the kinetic energy of the resulting concrete fragments. Damage and mode of failure due to post-impact were also observed and recorded. Results and analysis of the data and observations showed that the concrete panels retrofitted with a combination of steel mesh and polyethylene grid provided the most promising retrofitting protection when compared with other options.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".