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Record W2059880793 · doi:10.1353/can.2006.0082

Wahkootowin : Family and Cultural Identity in Northwestern Saskatchewan Metis

2006· article· en· W2059880793 on OpenAlexvenueaboutno aff
Brenda Macdougall

Bibliographic record

VenueCanadian Historical Review · 2006
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicCanadian Identity and History
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsMetisGenealogyGeographySociologyEthnologyHistory

Abstract

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Utilizing genealogical and ethnohistorical methodologies, an examination of Metis family, economy, and society in northwestern Saskatchewan during the nineteenth-century fur trade is conducted to better understand how Metis people affected development of the economy. Specifically, through the use of the Cree concept of relationships as expressed through the term wahkootowin, both the theoretical and conceptual, rather than literal, framework is used to explain the Metis style of life and how actions and reactions to internal community relationships were expressed intergenerationally through the extended family structure. By reconstructing the extended family system utilizing genealogical methods, it was possible to use textual records related to the freemen and free traders who operated in the English River District fur trade to further evaluate how the Metis established economic relationships and asserted independence from the Hudson's Bay Company. The family linkages between the women and men who worked for the HBC were familial, but their relationships were reinforced through socio-economic activities that brought them together and transformed family into community. Through the HBC, Metis families made strategic marital alliances with other company families and established a complex web of inter-familial alliances that not only affected the trade, but shaped it according to Metis societal values and expectations. À l'aide de méthodes utilisées en généalogie et en ethnohistoire, on examine le système économique et social des communautés métisses du nord-ouest de la Saskatchewan, à l'époque de la traite des fourrures au XIXe siècle, afin de mieux comprendre le rôle joué par les familles métisses dans le développement de leur économie. Plus particulièrement, on cherche à savoir comment le concept des relations chez les Cris, exprimé par le terme « wahkootowin », d'un point de vue théorique et conceptuel plutôt que littéral, a servi à décrire le style de vie des Métis, ou encore comment leurs actions et leurs réactions en ce qui a trait aux relations internes dans la communauté se sont manifestées sur le plan intergénérationnel, dans le cadre de la famille élargie. En examinant le système des familles élargies à l'aide de la méthode généalogique, on a pu se servir de documents mentionnant des citoyens d'honneur et des antiprotectionnistes qui ont participé au commerce des fourrures dans le district d'English River pour évaluer plus en détail comment les Métis ont établi des relations économiques avec la Compagnie de la Baie d'Hudson tout en gardant une certaine indépendance. Même si les liens qui unissaient les femmes et les hommes qui ont travaillé pour cette compagnie étaient de nature familiale, leurs relations ont été renforcées par des activités socio-économiques qui les ont réunis et qui ont transformé la famille en une communauté. Par l'entremise de la Compagnie de la Baie d'Hudson, les familles métisses ont établi des alliances matrimoniales stratégiques avec d'autres familles travaillant aussi pour la compagnie, ainsi que des réseaux complexes d'alliances interfamiliales qui ont influé sur les échanges commerciaux, et qui les ont modifiés en fonction des attentes et des valeurs sociétales des Métis.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: Not applicable
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.586
Threshold uncertainty score0.982

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.019
GPT teacher head0.258
Teacher spread0.239 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreReview

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations10
Published2006
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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