The costs of arthritis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction Arthritis and rheumatic conditions (i.e., arthritis) are responsible for major health care expenditures and disability burdens. The impact of arthritis is not restrained by national boundaries. It is one of the most prevalent chronic conditions and is a leading cause of disability in Australia (1), Canada (2,3), Europe (4), the United Kingdom (5), and the United States (6,7), affecting an estimated 3 million Australians, 6 million Canadians, 8 million in the UK, almost 43 million people in the US, and 103 million across Europe. With the aging of the baby boomers, these numbers and the associated disabilities will quickly escalate. By 2020 in the US alone, arthritis is projected to affect 60 million people, and the activities of 12 million people may be limited by arthritis (6). The growing magnitude of people affected by arthritis motivates the need to review what is known about its national costs to identify areas where current information is lacking. In addition, it is important to determine targets for public health efforts that will reduce the costs of and burden from arthritis. This knowledge will facilitate planning research agendas that support informed public policy decisions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.017 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".